Severe Socioeconomic Exposures Due to Enhanced Future Compound Flood-Heat Extreme Hazards in China

As the climate warms, a new hazard, compound flood-heat extreme (CFH) events, characterized by rapid succession of devastating floods and deadly heat (or vice-versa), are becoming increasingly frequent, threatening infrastructure ecosystems. However, how this CFH hazard will change under future anthropogenic warming in China their potential population economic exposures remains unexamined. Here, we systematically quantify projected changes bivariate CHF hazards for 187 catchments during 2071–2100 period relative to 1985–2014 investigate gross domestic product (GDP) exposure, developing climatic-hydrological-socioeconomic modelling chain. We find that there is nationwide increase historical 30-year episodes 10 times southern catchments. Under synergistic impacts changing (GDP), mass people (0.79–2.13 thousand/km2) eastern (1.68 an enormous sum GDP (400–912 million/km2) be exposed increasing hazards. Our results highlight necessity improving both societal resilience mitigation solutions address such weather-related